System Design

Designing and evolving system architecture is about making informed trade‑offs. This guide provides a practical, opinionated walkthrough of the core concepts, patterns, and decisions you need to build scalable, reliable, and cost‑efficient systems—plus answers to the most common questions engineers and architects ask.

APIs are the connective tissue of modern products. This guide distills proven practices for API design, security, observability, and reliability—covering the most frequent questions and edge cases teams face in production. Examples use FastAPI and Pydantic v2, but the principles generalize to any stack.